Table of Contents
1. Introduction to Embedded Systems
1.1 What is an embedded system?
1.2 Basic components
1.3 RIMS
1.4 Timing diagrams
1.5 Testing
2. Embedded programming
2.1 C in embedded systems
2.2 C data types
2.3 RIMS implicitly defined I/O variables
2.4 Hexadecimal
2.5 Bitwise operators
2.6 Shift operators
2.7 Bit access functions
2.8 Rounding and overflow
3. State Machines
3.1 Time-ordered behavior
3.2 State machines
3.3 RIBS
3.4 Implementing an SM in C
3.5 Variables, statements, and conditions in SMs
3.6 Mealy actions
3.7 How to capture behavior as an SM
3.8 Testing an SM
3.9 Capture/convert process
4. Synchronous SMs
4.1 Time-interval behavior
4.2 Synchronous SMs
4.3 SynchSMs and time intervals for inputs
4.4 Choosing a period for different time intervals
4.5 Microcontrollers with timers
4.6 Converting a synchSM to C
4.7 State actions should never wait
5. Concurrent synchSMs
5.1 Concurrent synchSMs
5.2 Shared variables
5.3 Converting multiple synchSMs to C
5.4 Converting synchSM local variables to C
5.5 Keeping distinct behaviors distinct
5.6 Task communication
5.7 Queues
6. Input/Output
6.1 Sampling of inputs
6.2 Latency
6.3 Input conditioning
6.4 Avoiding output glitching
6.5 I/O electrical issues
6.6 Dealing with too few pins
7. Peripherals
7.1 Pulse width modulation
7.2 UARTs
7.3 Analog-digital conversion
8. Task Scheduler
8.1 Converting different-period tasks to C
8.2 Creating a task structure in C
8.3 Code for a simple cooperative task scheduler
9. Programming Issues
9.1 C functions versus lookup tables
9.2 Fixed-point programming
9.3 Lookup tables again
10. Utilization/Scheduling
10.1 Timer overrun
10.2 Utilization
10.3 Computing a task’s worst-case execution time
10.4 Utilization for multiple tasks
10.5 Jitter
10.6 Scheduling
10.7 Preemptive scheduler
10.8 Triggered synchSMs
10.9 Reducing power consumption using a sleep function
10.10 Disciplined programming
11. Control Systems
11.1 Introduction to control systems
11.2 Proportional control
11.3 Proportional-derivative (PD) control
11.4 Proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control
11.5 PID tuning
12. Digital Signal Processing
12.1 Introduction to digital signal processing
12.2 Sensors
12.3 Actuators
12.4 ADC and amplification
12.5 Bias correction
12.6 Sample rate and quantization
12.7 Aliasing
12.8 Low pass filter
12.9 Playback path
12.10 Digital-to-analog converter
12.11 A DSP example
12.12 Digital processing
13. FPGA
13.1 Introduction to synchSMs on FPGAs
13.2 Translating a synchSM to VHDL
13.3 Achieving the proper synchSM tick rate
13.4 Multiple synchSMs
14. Pattern Recognition
14.1 Framework introduction
14.2 Part 1: Feature extraction
14.3 Part 2: Pattern recognition
14.4 Part 3: Actuation
Teach Embedded Programming, independent of a device
Programming Embedded Systems emphasizes capturing behavior with a computation model, and can be used in classes with or without a physical device-specific lab.
- Students write their own task scheduler in C (basis of RTOSes)
- Browser-based tools include SM capture, PID simulator, and more
- Accompanies the RI Tools suite (Windows) that includes C programming, emulation, and state machine capture; good for additional homework
- Over 400 participation activities, including questions, animations, and tools
How this zyBook works:
What is a zyBook?
Programming Embedded Systems is a web-native, interactive zyBook that helps students visualize concepts to learn faster and more effectively than with a traditional textbook. (Check out our research.)
zyBooks benefit both students and instructors:
- Instructor benefits
- Customize your course by reorganizing existing content, or adding your own content
- Continuous publication model updates your course with the latest content and technologies
- Robust reporting gives you insight into students’ progress, reading and participation
- Save time with auto-graded labs and challenge activities that seamlessly integrate with your LMS gradebook
- Build quizzes and exams with hundreds of included test questions
- Student benefits
- Learning questions and other content serve as an interactive form of reading
- Instant feedback on labs and homework
- Concepts come to life through extensive animations embedded into the interactive content
- Review learning content before exams with different questions and challenge activities
- Save chapters as PDFs to reference the material at any time
Authors
Frank Vahid
Computer Science PhD, Univ. of California, Irvine / zyBooks Co-Founder
Tony Givargis
Professor of Computer Science, University of California, Irvine
Bailey Miller
Computer Science PhD, Univ. of California, Riverside
